HI Kathy
Beauty berry bush (Callicarpa ) produces clusters of violet berry-like drupes. Each drupe contains 4 small seeds. You can separate the seeds from the “berry” by using a small blender or macerate them (soak them in water). You can sow the seed in the fall for spring germination. For longer storage, keep the dried seed in the refrigerator.

Aster- cut the ripened flowerhead and place in a paper bag. Once dried shake the bag to release the seeds. Separate the chaff from the seeds.
Globe thistle – Hang the flowerhead upside down in a bag and let the seeds fall out or shake the bag to release seeds.

You must be referring to the Chinese Lantern, (Physalis alkekengi) also known as Winter Cherry, Ground Cherry which belongs to the nightshade family. It is known for its orange, papery husk that encases a small tomato-like fruit which contain the seeds. To process the seeds take the fruit and place it in a blender with enough water to cover it. Blend or agitate the mixture and pour it into a bowl. Discard the top layer of the mix which will contain any floating seeds and debris. The good seeds will sink to the bottom of the bowl. Pour the rest into a strainer and rinse with water. Dry the seeds on a non-porous surface, eg. glass. Store completely dry seeds in an airtight container in a cool dry place suc as a refrigerator or freezer for long term storage.

It could use some additional fertilizer. Let the seed pod turn brown to harvest. Cut open the pod, there should be light to dark brown seeds inside with a corky covering on the seeds. Dry the seeds and store in a dark cool place. Keep in mind that seeds collected will not come true when planted. You will not get the same plant but some variations of it. Wear gloves or wash hands after handling the seeds as they are poisonous. All parts of the plant are poisonous and should be kept away from children and pets. Plant seed in a 4 inch pot and cover with 1/4-1/2 ” premoistened soil. Water and place in a warm place. Keep the soil slightly moist until germination occurs which should take 2weeks-several months.

Harvest your seed pods when they start turning brown and let them dry. You can plant the seeds in the fall outdoors to winterover or save the dried seeds by storing them in the frig for at least 60 days (cold stratification) and plant in the spring. Some say the seeds germinate readily even if you place them under a rock. See trumpet vine for more info.

Saving seeds is a matter of observing and right timing. When the plant matures, blooms and then starts to produce seeds you need to watch when seed capsules ripen or turn brown. At this point, they may split open when dry and spill their seeds, unless you cut or break off the capsules and spread them on a tray or paper to dry. The seeds should fall out of their “container”, some may need to be coaxed out with your fingers. Remove and discard any debris. Annuals such as morning glories can be stored in labeled envelopes or small jars in a cool, dry, dark place. The black seeds are in globe-like capsules. Let the capsules dry and they should open on their own or gently squeeze to remove the seeds. Perennials like hollyhocks will naturally sow their fresh seeds immediately but can also be stored as mentioned for next spring planting. You can start saving hollyhock seeds 2-3 wks after blooming. It has donut shaped pods that mature from the bottom of the plant upwards. Pick brown pods and allow them to dry until they unfold. Some flowers take more work to winnow out the seeds but always make sure that all seeds are completely dry before storing.

The seed capsules can be large or small depending on the variety. Certain poppies have pods with openings at the top from which the seeds can be dispersed like a salt shaker. Harvest your seeds when the pods turn light brown and before they shed their seeds. When they are ready, cut the stem at the base or at a convenient length and invert the pod in a bag or container. Shake until all seeds fall into the bag. This way you’ll have the seeds and the nice empty pod for dried floral arrangements. Scather the seeds in loose, worked soil in the fall where they will remain dormant through the winter or early spring as soon as the ground can be worked.

Allow the dk brown/black spiky ball on the stem to dry out and ripen. The seeds will come off easily with the brush of your finger when they are ripe. You can do two things; the easy way- leave the seed head to winterover and reseed itself naturally or pick it in the fall, dry, place in a paper bag and sow in early spring. If you allow it to reseed naturally you may have Black-eyed Susan in places that you didn’t want.

You can do either. Keeping the seeds in the freezer will preserve them for a few years and then you can use them when and where you want.