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Saving seeds

Saving seeds

In growing a garden year after year, I find that I have accumulated many packages of garden seeds. Going through the inventory, I realized that some of my saved seeds go back as far as 1999. Knowing that seeds don’t last forever, (well at least most seeds) I decided to check out the viability age for some garden seeds. If they’re too old the percentage of germination will be much lower and saving your seeds was a waste of time.
The chart below gives us the average viability age of seeds stored under “proper conditions” which means that seeds should be kept in a cool, dark place with even temperature and humidity. Store seeds in a small mason jar,vacumn seal bags or air tight plastic bag with a silica gel packet . If you don’t have silica gel use dry powdered milk wrapped in a coffee filter.
For long term storage, seeds can also be saved in the refrigerator or freezer. Refrigerated seeds proved to be 10 times more viable than seeds stored at room temperature. Frozen seeds have even a longer lifespan as long as their moisture level is below 8 percent before freezing. This can be done by placing the seeds in a mason jar with 1/2 lb of silica gel for a week. Once the gel turns from dark blue to a pink color and when the dried seed breaks instead of bends when folded, then they are dry enough to freeze. Quickly, transfer the dried seeds to another container and freeze to save for future use.

Bean: 3-4 years
Beet: 6
Broccoli: up to 5
Cabbage: 4
Carrot: 3
Cauliflower: 4-5
Celery: 50% up to 8
Corn: 2-3 Popcorn: 50% up to 5-10
Cucumber: 5
Eggplant: 4
Gourds: 5
Lettuce: 6
Melons: 5
Onion: 1
Pea: 3
Pepper: 2
Pumpkin: 6
Radish: 5
Spinach: 3
Squash: 6
Tomatoes: 3-10 depending on variety
Watermelon: 6

If you are saving your own seeds, be sure your seeds are totally dry before storing and label each packet with a name, date and any other comments for next year. Unlike open pollinated seeds, seeds from F1 hybrids will not be true to the original plant .

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9 comments to Saving seeds

  • Cathy

    Cathy P.
    When your lily has blossomed, and the seed pods have formed; do you harvest the seeds and put them in the freezer untill spring(?) or just plant them where you would like to see new plants next year? Does either or neither of these work? Thank You.

    You can do either. Keeping the seeds in the freezer will preserve them for a few years and then you can use them when and where you want.

  • Nancy Newell

    I love this site. Would you tell me how to save Black eyed Susan seeds from dried pods and how and when to replant them around the main plant I already have outdoors, I am trying to fill in spaces in the circle of them I have around my well cap… thanks again for your help…

    Allow the dk brown/black spiky ball on the stem to dry out and ripen. The seeds will come off easily with the brush of your finger when they are ripe. You can do two things; the easy way- leave the seed head to winterover and reseed itself naturally or pick it in the fall, dry, place in a paper bag and sow in early spring. If you allow it to reseed naturally you may have Black-eyed Susan in places that you didn’t want.

  • Nancy K

    My Mom has beautiful poppies in her garden – what is the best way to get the seeds so I can plant my own for next year? I need step-by-step instructions as my Mom and I do not agree on how we go about this.

    The seed capsules can be large or small depending on the variety. Certain poppies have pods with openings at the top from which the seeds can be dispersed like a salt shaker. Harvest your seeds when the pods turn light brown and before they shed their seeds. When they are ready, cut the stem at the base or at a convenient length and invert the pod in a bag or container. Shake until all seeds fall into the bag. This way you’ll have the seeds and the nice empty pod for dried floral arrangements. Scather the seeds in loose, worked soil in the fall where they will remain dormant through the winter or early spring as soon as the ground can be worked.

  • Pam Loveland

    I want to save seeds from summer flowers such as Morning Glories, Hollyhocks, etc. How and when do you do this? Thank you, Pam & Donna

    Saving seeds is a matter of observing and right timing. When the plant matures, blooms and then starts to produce seeds you need to watch when seed capsules ripen or turn brown. At this point, they may split open when dry and spill their seeds, unless you cut or break off the capsules and spread them on a tray or paper to dry. The seeds should fall out of their “container”, some may need to be coaxed out with your fingers. Remove and discard any debris. Annuals such as morning glories can be stored in labeled envelopes or small jars in a cool, dry, dark place. The black seeds are in globe-like capsules. Let the capsules dry and they should open on their own or gently squeeze to remove the seeds. Perennials like hollyhocks will naturally sow their fresh seeds immediately but can also be stored as mentioned for next spring planting. You can start saving hollyhock seeds 2-3 wks after blooming. It has donut shaped pods that mature from the bottom of the plant upwards. Pick brown pods and allow them to dry until they unfold. Some flowers take more work to winnow out the seeds but always make sure that all seeds are completely dry before storing.

  • Laurel Benoit

    I need to know when and how to harvest trumpet vine pods. Also, I need to know how to plant them. What and how to store them for the New England winter.

    Harvest your seed pods when they start turning brown and let them dry. You can plant the seeds in the fall outdoors to winterover or save the dried seeds by storing them in the frig for at least 60 days (cold stratification) and plant in the spring. Some say the seeds germinate readily even if you place them under a rock. See trumpet vine for more info.

  • Ola Fischer

    Ola Fischer
    I have a black current swirl datura that has bloomed very well this summer, but now the lower leaves are turning yellow. I put Miracle Gro timed released plant food on it in April or May. Should I add more now? Also, there are several seed pods on it. How and when do I collect the seeds? It is growing in a container, partly shaded, on my patio.

    It could use some additional fertilizer. Let the seed pod turn brown to harvest. Cut open the pod, there should be light to dark brown seeds inside with a corky covering on the seeds. Dry the seeds and store in a dark cool place. Keep in mind that seeds collected will not come true when planted. You will not get the same plant but some variations of it. Wear gloves or wash hands after handling the seeds as they are poisonous. All parts of the plant are poisonous and should be kept away from children and pets. Plant seed in a 4 inch pot and cover with 1/4-1/2 ” premoistened soil. Water and place in a warm place. Keep the soil slightly moist until germination occurs which should take 2weeks-several months.

  • Christine S

    Christine S.
    Are the seeds of a Japanese Lantern (Jack-O-Lantern ) plant found inside of the delicate orange flower of what looks like an orange cherry tomato? If so – the seeds are so tiny�what is the best way of drying them out? I would love to know more about this plant! Thank you.

    You must be referring to the Chinese Lantern, (Physalis alkekengi) also known as Winter Cherry, Ground Cherry which belongs to the nightshade family. It is known for its orange, papery husk that encases a small tomato-like fruit which contain the seeds. To process the seeds take the fruit and place it in a blender with enough water to cover it. Blend or agitate the mixture and pour it into a bowl. Discard the top layer of the mix which will contain any floating seeds and debris. The good seeds will sink to the bottom of the bowl. Pour the rest into a strainer and rinse with water. Dry the seeds on a non-porous surface, eg. glass. Store completely dry seeds in an airtight container in a cool dry place suc as a refrigerator or freezer for long term storage.

  • debra

    Where are the seeds on the following plants?
    Astilbe
    Lady’s Mantle
    Burning Bush
    Globe Thistle
    Aster ( New England)
    Butterfly Bush
    Beauty Berry
    I collect every seed that I can identify and those above have eluded me for years.
    Also is there a site on the Internet that shows pictures of seed pods and the seeds themselves of both perennials and annuals?
    Thanks for your help. This is my first time at this site and I LOVE it!
    Debra

    Aster- cut the ripened flowerhead and place in a paper bag. Once dried shake the bag to release the seeds. Separate the chaff from the seeds.
    Globe thistle – Hang the flowerhead upside down in a bag and let the seeds fall out or shake the bag to release seeds.

  • Kathy

    Thank you so much for your site and information! I have always appreciated the hard work gardeners put into thier beautiful havens. I am now wanting to try my hand at this much loved source of beauty. My question how and what do you harvest from the Beauty Berry, we live in TN and it now has the beautiful purples beads on it??

    HI Kathy
    Beauty berry bush (Callicarpa ) produces clusters of violet berry-like drupes. Each drupe contains 4 small seeds. You can separate the seeds from the “berry” by using a small blender or macerate them (soak them in water). You can sow the seed in the fall for spring germination. For longer storage, keep the dried seed in the refrigerator.

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